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中英对照:租客担心新法案将造成房东大量驱赶租客

Tenants fear mass evictions under new Ontario housing act
来源: Bob Mok



这是介绍很快将在安大略省成为法律的184号法案的第三篇。租客们将该法案称为“驱逐法案”。想看前期文章,请单击:http://chinesenewsgroup.com/news/669808
This is the third article on the new Bill 184 about to become law in Ontario. It is also dubbed the “Eviction Bill” by tenants. For the previous article, please click: http://chinesenewsgroup.com/news/669808

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在第二篇文章中,我介绍了新法通过还款协议快速驱逐租客的做法,包括将“前”租客告到房东和租客委员会,租客必须在委员会听证会前按照《住宅租赁法》第82条的规定,向房东说明为何拖欠租金的原因,和非法加租12个月后变为合法。

In our previous article, we talked about the fast-tracking of eviction via repayment agreements; bringing “former” tenants to the Landlord and Tenant Board (LTB); tenants must give advance notice to raise a section 82 of the Residential Tenancies Act (RTA) defence at their arrears hearing; and Illegal rent increases become legal after 12 months.



另外,184号法案还包括另外两项改革:

Finally, two more changes are also included under Bill 184:

少于五个单元,且单元要装修、建筑物要拆除,或者因为新房东改建要赶租客,租客有权获得一个月的租金补偿,且房东必须在租客搬走以前支付。如果不满足这些要求,房东不得驱赶租客。

Tenants living in a building of less than five units that is being renovated or demolished, and tenants evicted for purchaser’s own use, are also entitled to receive one month rent compensation, which the landlord must pay before the termination date. If these requirements are not met the notice is void.

如果租客告房东恶意驱赶租客成功,房东和租客委员会可以下令房东向租客支付高达12个月的租金赔偿,也称“一般性补偿”。除此之外,房东还要向租客赔其他的钱,如12个月的“租金价差”。此外,因装修而搬迁的租客两年内有权搬回装修好的单位。恶意驱赶租客的罚金也提高了。个人为5万元和公司为25万元。

Where a tenant successfully brings a bad faith application against their landlord, the LTB can order the landlord to pay the tenant a new remedy called “general compensation” of an amount not exceeding 12 months’ rent – this is in addition to other remedies available to the tenant such as the 12 month “rent differential” amount. In addition, the limitation period for the denial of a tenant’s right of first refusal to return to their renovated unit has been extended to two years after the tenant vacated the unit. Fines for illegal evictions have been raised to $50,000 for an individual and $250,000 for a corporation.



184号法案导致租客团体的抗议。他们说新法将使许多租客被房东驱逐。7月,许多租客团体在安省政府大楼,多伦多市长庄德利家门前,以及位于渥太华的房东和租客委员会前集会抗议184法案。

Bill 184 has sparked protests from housing advocates who say the legislation will lead to mass evictions. Throughout July, activists have staged rallies at Queen’s Park, the home of Mayor John Tory, as well as the Landlord and Tenant Board office in Ottawa.

安大略省政府表示,该法案鼓励房东和租客就所欠租金达成协议,不必因租金问题而把官司打到房东和租客委员会。

The Ontario Provincial Government said the Act encourages negotiated settlements by allowing landlords and tenants to make an agreement on outstanding rent, without needing to appear before the LTB.

新法将迫使租客证明自己为啥不能履行支付租金的协议。而老的做法是,房东和租客让房东和租客委员会就未支付的租金做出判决。房东要向委员会证明租客没有按协议支付租金,而董事会要听租客的不能支付租金的“原因”,并作出是否可以推迟驱逐或拒绝房东驱逐租客的要求。

Previously the parties (both landlord and tenant) would have already attended the LTB to deal with the initial non-payment of rent. The legislation now shifts the onus to the tenant to prove why they did not uphold the agreement, while at a typical non-payment of rent hearing under the old system, the landlord has the onus to prove rent was not paid, to which the board then applies an “equity reasoning” exploring whether there are circumstances that may justify delaying or refusing the eviction.



租客维权团体认为,没有委员会的监督而达成的还款协议可能会让房东通过还款欺负那些语言不好,不懂得自己权益的租客。老的做法会让租客得到委员会提供的调解员,租客值班律师和委员会成员的帮助。

From the tenant rights advocates stand point, a problem with the repayment agreements lacking LTB oversight in future is that unsavvy tenants with language comprehension difficulties may be bullied into signing an agreement they did not fully understand. Appearing before the LTB also gives tenants the benefits of safeguards such as mediators, tenant duty counsel and the board members themselves.

不懂法律的租客可能会由于困惑,绝望或恐惧而与房东达成不切实际的还款协议,而房东将能够完全绕过委员会的听证程序。这将不可避免地导致租客被驱逐的风险增加。

Tenants who are unaware of the changes may unknowingly enter into unrealistic agreements out of confusion, desperation or fear and landlords will be able to bypass the hearing process completely. This will inevitably lead to an increased risk of groundless evictions.



安省官员解释说,在委员会同意房东和租客的还款协议后,如果觉得自己是被迫签的协议,租客可以在30天之内对还款协议提出上诉。而且,即使租客提供了还款计划,他们仍然有权要求委员会听证。

The ministry official explained that after a consent order is issued, a tenant has 30 days to appeal the order if they feel they were pressured into the agreement. And, if a tenant is offered a repayment plan, they still have a right to a hearing.

虽然房东对新法提供的快速驱赶租客的改革感到满意,但他们对184号法案中的其他改革不满。他们认为该法案偏向租客,指出房东非法驱逐租客而向租客赔钱的方式问题很大。

While landlords are satisfied with the quick evictions offered by the new legislation, they are unhappy with other changes under Bill 184. They feel that the bill does more for tenants than landlords, pointing to a proposed fee structure for unlawful evictions that would require landlords to give compensation to tenants.



安省在疫情期间下令房东不得驱逐租客。此规定要在安省疫情紧急状态法结束后才会撤销。这可能发生在8月或9月。

The recent revision to the provincial order suspending all evictions it will be in place only until the end of the calendar month in which the state of emergency is terminated, which could happen in August or September.

许多租客担心,很快成为法律的184号法案实施后会加快驱逐程序。当人们大量失业,许多人生活没有着落和全球疫情还没有结束前,新法会让他们日子更难过。

Many tenants fear that Bill 184 would speed up that eviction process when it starts again very shortly. It will then descend upon them while there are mass unemployment, widespread hardship, and a global pandemic.

184号法案可能成为房东和租客都不满的法律!

Bill 184 may yet turn out to be a new law that can please nobody!

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