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美国滥发疫情补贴是加拿大通胀高的根源(观点,中英对照)

Opinion: Relying on U.S. for trade, Canada forever susceptible to American crisis
来源: 大中网/096.ca 南茜(Nancy Jin)
与美国享有世界上最长的不设防边境,并在贸易上极大依赖于美国的加拿大也不断遭受美国困扰,成为受美国问题波及最深,影响程度最大的受害者。美国一打喷嚏,加拿大就会感冒。当身处颓势的全球超级大国危机四伏,疾病缠身之际,其散发的病毒就会传染到加拿大,让其难逃病痛折磨。目前,美国财政措施引发的过度经济膨胀以及广泛持枪引发的枪支暴力就是典型的例子。

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Sharing the longest undefended border in the world with the U.S. and depending on America as our biggest trading partner, Canada is vulnerable to U.S. disruptions, with the highest degree of exposure to the problems from the country south of the border. When the U.S. sneezes, Canada catches a cold. As the declining global superpower grapples with crisis, Canada cannot escape its severe fallout. The illness afflicting America has spillover effects on Canada – from the fiscal stimulus-induced excess inflation to growing gun violence linked to widespread firearm ownership.  

加拿大现在正遭受自 1980 年代以来最高的通货膨胀,消费指数  6 月份飙升至 8.1%。 虽然在疫情期间加拿大国内的财政补贴政策是价格全面上涨的驱动因素,但美国政府的激进的财政刺激政策在加拿大的过度通胀中起到了很大助推作用, 大大刺激了消费,从而导致供需失衡和物价上涨。美国政府推行了全球最为激进的财务补贴政策,慷慨斥资5万亿美元,向年收入低于7.5万美元的个人发放高达每月3200美元的补贴款。这笔热款掀起了一股消费狂潮,使从服装和鞋子到家具和电器的销售量屡创新高。



Canada is now suffering the highest inflation rate since the 1980s, with the latest CPI soaring to 8.1% in June. While the domestic pandemic support was a driver for the price tension, the fiscal stimulus policies from the U.S. government have played an outsized role in Canada's excess inflation. The financial support during the pandemic has boosted consumer demand not matched by supply, causing a widespread rise in prices. With the size of its fiscal stimulus policies ranked top of the world, the U.S. government has generously taken out $5 trillion for pandemic support, handing over US$3,200 per month to individuals with an annual income under $75000. A consumer spending spree ensued, sharply driving retail sales from apparel and shoes to furniture and appliances.

美国政府的疫情补贴措施之其影响波及其他国家,而加拿大受害最大,与 美国之间有着广泛的贸易往来的加国人士不得不为这过热需求所导致的后果买单,支付更高价格购买包括从加国生产到美国进口的各种产品。美联储的三位研究人员表示,美国在大流行期间的财政刺激措施导致加拿大的通货膨胀率上升了 2.3 个百分点。



The U.S. stimulus has knock-on effects on foreign countries – with Canada being the most affected. Canada's most extensive trading relationship with the U.S. has rendered its consumers sensitive to the scorching demands caused by the U.S. stimulus checks – paying higher prices for goods produced domestically or imported from America. According to three researchers at the U.S. Federal Reserve, the U.S. fiscal stimulus during the pandemic contributed to an increase in inflation of 2.3 percentage points in Canada.  

但这个边境南邻的国家给加国带来的威胁远远超出了经济影响和通胀效应。 作为世界上最大的武器经销商,美国还将枪支犯罪问题传染至加拿大,成为加拿大谋杀案所用武器的主要来源。 随着加拿大城市枪击事件的增加,通过美国枪支展览、私人销售和替身购枪等手段所获得大量走私武器进入了加拿大的非法枪支市场。 俄亥俄州、得克萨斯州、佛罗里达州、乔治亚州和密歇根州是安大略省犯罪枪支的主要来源地,为该省提供了近 700 桩犯罪武器。 多伦多警方在 2020 年查获的手枪中,有 85% 来自美国,而新斯科舍省的大规模枪击案肇事者使用的武器也是从缅因州走私入境。



But the threat from our next-door neighbor has gone far beyond the economic fallout and the inflation spillover. As the largest weapon dealer in the world, the U.S. has caused gun-crime problems in Canada, becoming a key source of handguns used in Canadian homicides. Amid a rise in shootings across Canadian cities, smuggled weapons acquired through U.S. gun shows, private sales, and straw purchasing have flooded Canada’s illicit gun market. Ohio, Texas, Florida, Georgia, and Michigan were Ontario's top source states for crime guns, providing nearly 700 weapons used in gun-related crimes in the province. The Toronto police traced 85 percent of the handguns seized in 2020 to the United States, and the mass shooting perpetrator in Nova Scotia also used weapons smuggled from Maine.

加拿大收紧的枪支管制法律也不能堵塞非法枪支来源渠道。 枪支走私者瞄准了复杂的高科技所提供的优势以躲避加拿大更严格的边境检查,利用 无人机走私枪支,在走私犯不直接参与运送的情况下让枪支飞越边境。 今年4 月,安大略省警方截获了一架卡在圣凯瑟琳的一棵树上的无人驾驶飞机,机内携带有 11 支手枪。



Canada's tightened control laws cannot turn off the illegal firearm pipeline. Gun smugglers have tapped into more sophisticated technologies to circumvent Canada's strengthened border enforcement. Smuggling-by-drone has gained traction, flying firearms across the border without traffickers on board. In April, Ontario police intercepted an operation going awry, with 11 handguns carried in a drone stuck in a tree in St. Catherine.

加拿大国家安全专家最近的一份报告指出,不断恶化的美国已给加拿大带来日益严重的威胁。 尽管渥太华努力躲避美国衰落造成的影响,但地理上的唇齿相依和贸易上的紧密往来使加拿大将永远让这个毗邻大国牵着鼻子走,成为其各种政策失误或社会危机的牺牲品。



A recent report from Canadian national security experts has found that the deteriorating U.S. has become a dangerous threat to Canada. Despite Ottawa's efforts to steer clear of the American trajectory of descend, the geographic proximity and deeply intertwined trade relations have made Canada forever dependent on the whims of its giant neighbor, remaining susceptible to its policy flaws or social crisis.

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